Thranduil sent his son Legolas to Rivendell to inform Elrond, and in the Council of Elrond Legolas was selected as one of the nine members of the Company of the Ring. Their history is described in detail in The Silmarillion. [T 11] The elves were discovered by the Vala Orom, who brought the news of their awakening to Valinor. She had many powers including healing and being able to change her form. They invented many new words. [a] Their quest was joined by Bilbo Baggins (the titular hobbit) and occasionally by the wizard Gandalf. He was known as the last High King of the Noldor in Middle-Earth, and he founded the elven kingdom of Lindon which was the longest-lasting elven kingdom elven kingdom in the Tolkien mythology. This is only a recent occurrence that has happened within the last millenium. There would be no quest, no Hobbit, and no Rings had Smaug, greatest of dragons in his age, not descended on Erebor from the North and stolen the Dwarf-kingdom from Thorins kin. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. (Formerly titled "Horse Lady of Rohan", Legolas x OC) [COMPLETE . [T 4] After years, Ulmo returned to Beleriand to seek out the remaining Teleri. Crdan and his Elves built the ships on which Elves departed for Valinor. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. [T 10] Tolkien wrote that the elves are primarily to blame for many of the ills of Middle-earth in The Lord of the Rings, having independently created the Three Rings to stop their domains in mortal-lands from 'fading' and attempting to prevent inevitable change and new growth. [T 15] The Elves never regained the upper hand, finally losing the hidden kingdoms Nargothrond, Doriath, and Gondolin near the culmination of the war. The mischievous creature known as the elf seems to . If the dwarves became nobler on film, the Wood-elves of Mirkwood were made much less likable. Beleg is an elven character that doesn't get enough love. In Tolkien's translation the elves appear and disappear: "the king of Faerie with his rout / came hunting in the woods about / with blowing far and crying dim, and barking hounds that were with him; yet never a beast they took nor slew, and where they went he never knew". The confrontation between Bilbo and Smaug is a highlight of the second Hobbit film, and playing opposite Martin Freeman is none other than his Sherlock Holmes, Benedict Cumberbatch. .J.R.R. He was the first of the dwarves that Bilbo met. [13], Tolkien developed his conception of elves over the years, from his earliest writings through to The Hobbit, The Silmarillion, and The Lord of the Rings. She notes that Jackson's conceptual designer, the illustrator Alan Lee, had made use of the painting in the 1978 book Faeries. Refine any search. The traditional enmity between elves and dwarves is depicted here in the dwarves' rejection of the elves' invitation and provides motivation for some of the events later in the novel. He and Gloin were charged with starting the campfires. While the books relegate her more to a supporting role, the movies show that female elves had a lot of power and prowess, too. Bofur. What Glorfindel is best known for, however, is battling a Balrog. On his head was a crown of berries and red leaves, for the autumn was come again. Ori. Legolas the Elf. Tolkien, as well as in Peter Jackson's . They are described as ugly and huge, and they lived deep under the Misty Mountains in many places like Goblin-town, Moria, Mount Gram and Mount Gundabad. Gandalf, hes known as to the Men of the North; Mithrandir to the Elves; Tharkn to the Dwarves; Incnus to the Men of the South; to the East he goes not. He was the father of the Elven prince of Mirkwood, Legolas, who was a member of the Fellowship of the Ring. Tolkien had been gently warned against the term 'fairy', which John Garth supposes may have been due to its growing association with homosexuality, but Tolkien continued to use it. Not that they would care; they would only laugh all the more if you told them so." The elves sang their guests into Rivendell, and sing for their departure. The film Bard is pivotal to the dwarves entry into Lake-town, and his persistent voice of reason makes him enemies with Thorin and some of his own people. He wore a yellow hood and played clarinet. Brother to Oin. Note the elves hospitality toward their guests. cleave to split or pass through by cutting. Bert, one of the three trolls who captured the members of the Company. . [10] He gave them a great store of goods and skilled Elves stayed to help the people erect shelters for the winter. Tolkien took the names of Gandalf and 12 of the 13 dwarves excluding Balin from the Old Norse Vlusp.[4][5]. Meanwhile, Elronds mastery of language allows him to decipher the map. Summary and Analysis Chapter 3. [27], In Peter Jackson's Lord of the Rings film series (20012003), Elves are shown as physically superior to Men in terms of eyesight, balance, and aim, but their superiority in other ways is "never really made clear". Thranduil's Sword Thranduil's unnamed sword is similar to Hadhafang. They sent Orom, who took Ingw, Finw and Elw as ambassadors to Valinor. In "The Silvan Elves and Their Speech" Tolkien writes that, "Thranduil father of Legolas of the Nine Walkers was Sindarin, and that tongue was used in his house, though not by all his folk. Eventually he killed Finw and stole the Silmarils. Journeying further, they came across tall and dark-haired elves, the fathers of most of the Noldor. [T 14], In Beleriand, Elw was eventually found, and married Melian the Maia. Creatures like great spiders came to dwell in Mirkwood and Thranduil's folk retreated to the north-eastern corner of Mirkwood, where they fortified themselves near the Forest River. Shippey comments that it is a strength of Tolkien's "re-creations", his imagined worlds, that they incorporate all the available evidence to create a many-layered impression of depth, making use of "both good and bad sides of popular story; the sense of inquiry, prejudice, hearsay and conflicting opinion". Tolkien might only have had broken fragments to work on, but, Shippey writes, the more one explores how Tolkien used the ancient texts, the more one sees "how easy it was for him to feel that a consistency and a sense lay beneath the chaotic ruin of the old poetry of the North". Tradues em contexto de "lord of the elves" en ingls-portugus da Reverso Context : The lord of the elves will cross the sea only if the lord of Mordor is defeated. [T 23] If they do not die in battle or accident, Elves eventually grow weary of Middle-earth and desire to go to Valinor;[T 24] they often sail from the Grey Havens, where Crdan the Shipwright dwells with his folk. Actor Lee Pace was a fan of The Hobbit since childhood and took care to try and give a respectful, coherent performance. [17] John Garth states that with the underground enslavement of the Noldoli to Melkor, Tolkien was essentially rewriting Irish myth regarding the Tuatha D Danann into a Christian eschatology. Creatures as collectives are not included. Elrond is a Tolkien baby boy name that packs a boyish strength. He set out towards the Lonely Mountain with a company of Elves with spears and bows. " The Hobbit, "Barrels Out of Bond" Thranduil, also known as the Elvenking, was a Sindarin Elf [2] and King of the Silvan Elves of Mirkwood of the Woodland Realm. The history of the swords also establishes goblins as the bad guys of, In midsummer, the group leaves Rivendell and heads toward the. He wore a white hood. The way is difficult, but at last they come to the valley of Rivendell and are greeted by singing elves. Unlike Men and Dwarves, Elves are immortal. Elrond's ability to read runes also allows him to interpret the map that Thorin has inherited from his grandfather. All of the dwarves are introduced in chapter one, where their hood colours and instruments are also given. After the fall of Sauron, around Fo.A. Less attention has been given to material from later Icelandic folklore as a source for Tolkien . Her role in the books was smaller than her role in the Lord of the Rings trilogy on screen, but the books also detail more about her future. In The Lord of the Rings trilogy, goblins are known as orcs. She married Elrond and was known as the Lady of Rivendell. After being captured by orcs, she returned to the Grey Havens which is why she is not featured in Lord of the Rings even though Elrond and Rivendell make an appearance. With that news, it was believed that the dwarves must have died and the wealth of Thror, augmented by Smaug's pillage of Dale, was left unprotected. Outside the arts, William enjoys cooking, baking, and fencing (Olympic saber and rapier). Tolkien definitely enjoyed a theme. The bride's mother gives the groom a jewel to wear. [17] For example, "Flight of The Noldoli" is based on the Tuatha D Danann and Lebor Gabla renn, and their migratory nature comes from early Irish/Celtic history. Thranduil is definitely a powerful elf who just so happens to be the father of Legolas, so Legolas probably got a lot of his skills and awesomeness from him. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. In Shippey's view, the Silmarillion resolved the Middle English puzzle, letting Elves go not to Heaven but to the halfway house of the Halls of Mandos on Valinor. The love story between Beren and Luthien is similar in many ways to the one between Aragorn and Arwen, which is sort of funny since Lthien and Beren are their ancestors. Free shipping for many products! They feature in The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. The plural of elf is elves, like many words that end in f in their singular form, from shelves and scarves to leaves and knives. 3019, an army of Sauron from Dol Guldur, tasked with destroying the Woodland Realm, attacked Mirkwood. . 6 Elrond. On their journey, some of the Teleri feared the Misty Mountains and dared not cross them. She also founded and ruled the kingdom of Lothlrien along with her husband, Celeborn. Gandalf is also the most human of the wizards, irascible but full of love and kindness for all the peoples he works to protect. The Elves of Mirkwood were Silvan Elves that lived in the Woodland Realm of northern Mirkwood, under the rule of Thranduil. After King Aragorn died, Legolas sailed West, reportedly taking Gimli with him, and with them left numerous other Elves.[20][21]. He died after defeating Sauron during the War of the Last Alliance. He was also described as one of the greatest and mightiest of all the Eldar. Conjugao Documents Dicionrio Dicionrio Colaborativo Gramtica Expressio Reverso Corporate. [7] By 1915, when Tolkien was writing his first elven poems, the words elf, fairy and gnome had many divergent and contradictory associations. Leading them is Thorin Oakenshield, by rights, King of Durins Folk in Erebor, displaced by the dragon Smaug. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment - Languages Invented by Tolkien - edited by Michael D. C. Drout, p. 339), Of the Coming of the Elves and the Captivity of Melkor, https://tolkiengateway.net/w/index.php?title=Elves_of_Mirkwood&oldid=357443, Pages using duplicate arguments in template calls, Elves of Thranduil, Elves of the Wood, Folk of the Wood, Wood-elves. When one night in June of 3018, Gollum refused to come down, the Elves were attacked by Orcs and Gollum could escape in the confusion. The Valar started the War of Wrath, finally defeating Morgoth. 'The Hobbit' Cast & Character Guide: Who's Who In the Middle Earth Prequel Trilogy, From 'Lord of the Rings' to 'The Hobbit': Every Movie in Peter Jackson's Middle-Earth Saga, Ranked, Lily specifically requested no such complications. Gandalf may have the greater defense of Middle Earth in mind, but the thirteen dwarves who mount the quest are looking to reclaim their treasure and their homeland. During the Second Age they founded the Realms of Lindon (all that was left of Beleriand after the cataclysm), Eregion, and Rhovanion (Mirkwood). Characters are categorized by race. [1], During the Second Age, many Sindar survivors, who did not sail to the West, did not wish to stay with the Noldor in Lindon and be dominated by them. "[19] Legolas and the Wood-Elves later worked together with Gimli and the Dwarves to rebuild and improve Minas Tirith, capital city of Gondor, the realm of their mutual friend King Aragorn Elessar[16]. -Graham S. Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Though prisoners in the king's dungeons, they were not ill-treated by the Wood-elves who "were reasonably well-behaved even to their worst enemies, when they captured them. Thranduil was brought to life on the big screen when played by Lee Pace in The Hobbit trilogy. "[10] They were very surprised when they found out that Thorin and his company had survived Smaug's attacks, had taken possession of the Lonely Mountain and its treasures and that Thorin Oakenshield had claimed the title King under the Mountain. On film, Radagast never turned up for Rings, but made a prominent showing in all three Hobbit films as a fidgety, bumbling, but prescient hero continually underestimated by Saruman. The remnants of the army returned to Greenwood under the command of Oropher's son, Thranduil, and he was crowned king.[2]. Roc, son of Carc; the leader of the great ravens of the Lonely Mountain. [note 2], "Silvan Elvish is also referred to as the 'woodland tongue'." [22], The first Elves were awakened by Eru Ilvatar near the bay of Cuivinen during the Years of the Trees (before the First Age). He plays a large part in the book Children of Hrin, and his story is definitely one dramatic enough to be successful on the big screen. [T 21] Marriage is by words exchanged by the bride and groom (including the speaking of the name of Eru Ilvatar) and consummation; it is celebrated with a feast. After the Breaking of the Fellowship Legolas continued to accompany Aragorn, fighting in the Battle of the Hornburg, the Battle of the Pelennor Fields and the Battle of the Morannon. The grey pilgrim is the most prominent of the five wizards in stirring the races of Middle Earth to face the evil of Sauron, and his involvement in the dwarves' quest is part of that larger design.. It is unclear precisely what form of Sindarin and/or Silvan Elvish the Elves of Mirkwood spoke. [4] The Middle English Sir Gawain meets a green axe-wielding giant, an aluisch mon ("elvish man", translated by Shippey as "uncanny creature"). They took Crdan as their leader and became the Falathrim. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. On March 15, T.A. (J.R.R. Thorin, Durin's heir, explains that Durin's Day is the first day of the dwarves' New Year. Fanor and his seven sons then swore to take the Silmarils back, and led a large army of the Noldor to Beleriand. Free shipping for many products! Because the Shadow over Mirkwood was lifted, Thranduil and Celeborn renamed it Eryn Lasgalen, the Wood of Greenleaves. Elrond's translation of the map provides an important foreshadowing of the dramatic discovery of the secret door in Smaug's mountain lair, much later in the novel. 51.28 Las mejores ofertas para Lego Mirkwood Elf Chief 79004 el hobbit minifigura estn en Compara precios y caractersticas de productos nuevos y usados Muchos artculos con envo gratis Illustrated posters of Robert Louis Stevenson's poem Land of Nod had been sent out by a philanthropist to brighten servicemen's quarters, and Faery was used in other contexts as an image of "Old England" to inspire patriotism. [T 12], The Valar decided to summon the Elves to Valinor rather than leaving them where they were first awakened, near the Cuivinen lake in the eastern extremity of Middle-earth. On March 21, T.A. [6], Oropher joined the Last Alliance by summoning a great army which joined with Amdr's smaller force of Lrien Elves to create one large host of Silvan Elves; the Silvan Elves were strong and brave, but they had poor armour and weapons in comparison with the Noldor. [T 4] [1], Elves were directly dangerous, too: the medical condition "elf-shot", described in the spell Gif hors ofscoten sie, "if a horse is elf-shot", meaning some kind of internal injury,[11] was associated both with neolithic flint arrowheads and the temptations of the devil. Wisest, fairest and immortal race from J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth. In 'The Hobbit' the Elf King, Thranduil, is the king of the Woodland Realm. After the destruction of the One Ring, the power of the Three Rings of the Elves ended and the Fourth Age, the Age of Men, began. Summary and Analysis Thranduil, along with his father Oropher, also marched their troops to the Last Alliance of Elves and Men to fight Sauron. Hes also made a family man, giving Lake-town some human characterization. Unlike Men and Dwarves, Elves are immortal. The fact that the movie was already 3 hours and 20 minutes long explains why so . After playing Bard, Luke Evans would make a similarly intense turn as Dracula in Dracula Untold, and later take over the part of Gaston for the Beauty and the Beast live-action remake. These suggested to him that Elves were large, dangerous, beautiful, lived in wild natural places, and practised archery. Most Elves left for Valinor; those that remained in Middle-earth were doomed to a slow decline until, in the words of Galadriel, they faded and became a "rustic folk of dell and cave". Elrand. He wore a brown hood. Elrond's history and story is far richer than some people might realize, however. They also had become increasingly withdrawn and wary of strangers, though they did trade with the neighbouring realms. ", The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion, Tolkien: A Look Behind "The Lord of the Rings", The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary, Risk: The Lord of the Rings Trilogy Edition, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elves_in_Middle-earth&oldid=1141070254, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, And often shaped like women: On many secret paths, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 05:35. While the biggest threat in The Hobbit is the dragon Smaug, the smaller, more annoying threat is the goblin army. [T 18], After the War of Wrath, the Valar tried to summon the Elves back to Valinor. Her portrayer, Evangeline Lily, came to prominence through TVs Lost. The attraction she inspires in Legolas displeases his father, but Tauriels unconsummated romance with a dwarf doesnt make him any happier. Thranduil is the King of Mirkwood and a leader of the Sindar elves. Legolas founded an elf colony in Ithilien during King Elessar's reign; the elves there helped to rebuild Gondor, living mainly in southern Ithilien, along the shores of the Anduin. At the end of the world, all Elves will have become invisible to mortal eyes, except to those to whom they wish to manifest themselves. English male elves were described as looking like little old men, though elf maidens were invariably young and beautiful. Oropher was also disturbed by the reports of Sauron's rising power and by the end of the Second Age he dwelt in the western glens of the Emyn Duir or Dark Mountains and his people lived north of the Men-i-Naugrim or Dwarf-road. Thranduil is only ever called Elvenking in The Hobbit book; he doesnt get a name until his son Legolas, never mentioned in The Hobbit, turns up to the Council of Elrond in The Fellowship of the Ring. A different race of humanoids who are human-sized and occasionally interact with humans. They are in fact "mad" as your reader says but I don't believe I am. In J. R. R. Tolkien's writings, Elves are the first fictional race to appear in Middle-earth. Les meilleures offres pour Lord of the Rings The Hobbit Painted Rivendell Glorfindel 12 Elves Metal LOTR GW sont sur eBay Comparez les prix et les spcificits des produits neufs et d'occasion Pleins d'articles en livraison gratuite! Kimberel Eventide, from Chicago, US, appeared on Good Morning Britain in 2019 claiming to be a "transpecies elf" complete with pointy ears. Examples Of Archetypes In The Hobbit. In The Lord of the Rings, Lthien is often referenced in relation to Arwen. While maybe not the coolest elven character, her story does have a lot of potential, and many fans wish they knew more about her. Of enchanted leprechauns He was the keeper of two of three Elven Rings of Power and one of Sauron's greatest enemies in the Last Alliance. Spelling and point of view are given as from The Hobbit. Continuing their journey, they found elves singing without language, the ancestors of most of the Teleri. Returning to Middle-earth, Ingw, Finw and Elw convinced many of the Elves to take the Great Journey (also called the Great March) to Valinor. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. 2023 Course Hero, Inc. All rights reserved. So the Battle of Five Armies began. Tolkien derived Elves from mentions in the ancient poetry and languages of Northern Europe, especially Old English. Bilbo loves elves, but dwarves and elves are traditional enemies, and Bilbo's companions decline the elves' invitation to supper. Elysian Elves weren't always so 'human'. Their descendants were the Silvan elves of Lothlrien and Greenwood the Great. Tolkien takes "elf-shot" as a hint to make his elves skilful in archery. Elrond identifies their swords as having come from dragon plunder or the Goblin-wars and translates their runes: Thorin's sword is named Orcrist and Gandalf's is Glamdring. However, in The. that blows no one any good. from your Reading List will also remove any At the time of The Hobbit, the whereabouts of the Elves' Rings of Power were known to The Hobbit Gandalf character, while the Nine belonged to the Nazgl and the Seven had either been destroyed by dragons or reclaimed by Sauron. Brother to Bombur and cousin to Bifur. We see Galadriel, played by Cate Blanchett, in the Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit films, but in these movies, we only get a small taste of her backstory and power. Tolkien even said in The Silmarillion that she was the mightiest and fairest of all the Elves that remained in Middle-earth and the greatest of all elven women.. Instant PDF downloads. Jackson's Elves are however "Celtic" in the romanticised sense of the Celtic Revival. Of these, the largest host was that of the Teleri. In his The Book of Lost Tales, Tolkien develops a theme that the diminutive fairy-like race of Elves had once been a great and mighty people, and that as Men took over the world, these Elves had "diminished"[T 2][T 3][17] themselves. So for any newcomer to the trilogy, here is a quick guide to the major players: RELATED: From 'Lord of the Rings' to 'The Hobbit': Every Movie in Peter Jackson's Middle-Earth Saga, Ranked. But in the last two films, Kili falls in love with the elf, Tauriel, and she returns the attraction. ), Unfinished Tales, "The History of Galadriel and Celeborn", "Appendix B: The Sindarin Princes of the Silvan Elves", In Letter 347, written in 1972, there is a note which states: "The Silvan Elves of Thranduil's realm did not speak S. but a related language or dialect. The original Glorfindel is often referred to as a noble lord and was a chief lieutenant to King Turgon. Traduo Context Corretor Sinnimos Conjugao. With 51 minutes of extra footage, the final film in the Lord of the Rings trilogy has extensive new content in the LOTR extended edition, which brings The Return of the King 's total runtime to 4 hours and 11 minutes. It's also non-canon and was only added by the film-makers for The Hobbit trilogy. [14], Traditional Victorian dancing fairies and elves appear in much of Tolkien's early poetry,[T 2] and have influence upon his later works[15] in part due to the influence of a production of J. M. Barrie's Peter Pan in Birmingham in 1910[16] and his familiarity with the work of Catholic mystic poet, Francis Thompson[16] which Tolkien had acquired in 1914. Neither are the tales. He wore a yellow hood and played clarinet. The Lord of the Rings made The Hobbit into an integral part of Tolkiens cycle of tales, and its writing necessitated changes to The Hobbits text to bring it more fully into the fold. He is generally considered to be wise and one of the few elves in the Third Age who actively took a role in trying to help humans and others in Middle-Earth even though he knew his own peoples demise was soon at hand. The group stays in Rivendell for two largely uneventful weeks, While the dwarves stay in Rivendell for a long time, they accomplish relatively little, besides obtaining important information about how to enter the secret passageway. (including. The Teleri who stayed in Beleriand later became known as the Sindar. [18] They stayed in Ithilien for "a hundred years of Men. [28], Tolkien-style Elves have influenced the depiction of elves in the fantasy genre from the 1960s and afterwards. [1], Shippey further explains that Tolkien's Sundering of the Elves allowed him to explain the existence of Norse mythology's Light Elves, who live in Alfheim ("Elfhome") and correspond to his Calaquendi, and Dark Elves, who live underground in Svartalfheim ("Black Elfhome") and whom he "rehabilitates" as his Moriquendi, the Elves who never went to see the light of the Two Trees of Valinor. 1050 southern Greenwood became dangerous and was renamed Mirkwood. [6] One of the last of the Victorian Fairy-paintings, The Piper of Dreams by Estella Canziani, sold 250,000 copies and was well known within the trenches of World War I where Tolkien saw active service. In The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen in the appendices of the trilogy, fans can learn more about their love story. [1] But there is more: Tolkien brought in the Old English usage of descriptions like wudulfen "wood-elf, dryad", wterlfen "water-elf", and slfen "sea-elf, naiad", giving his elves strong links with wild nature. At first, Elaina is now terrified because she knew about the legends of the tyrant dragon who ruled as the King under the mountain Smaug, while Elena is little scared but she shows no fear because she has confidence and bravery in her heart. Their history is described in detail in The Silmarillion. "[22] This implies that Sindarin was the language of court and Silvan Elvish or the woodland tongue was the language of the people. [T 25][T 26] Eventually, their immortal spirits overwhelm and consume their bodies, rendering them "bodiless", whether they opt to go to Valinor or not. This was abandoned in Tolkien's later writing. [8] The others, taken separately, had been questioned, refused to speak openly, and also spoke insultingly of the Elves. They turned back and stayed in the vales of the Anduin, and, led by Lenw, became the Nandor, who spoke Nandorin. Tolkien wrote of them: "They are made by man in his own image and likeness; but freed from those limitations which he feels most to press upon him. For most of the trilogy, Martin Freeman brings his considerable comic charms to the part, as he did in the British version of The Office and as Watson in Sherlock. [15] He journeyed with the Ring-bearer Frodo Baggins towards Mordor. First, he was given a $20 million production fee that was paid to him upfront before filming began in order to cover his costs. The Hobbit' s main theme is Bilbo's development into a hero, which more broadly represents the development of a common person into a hero. These are the kind usually found in Germanic mythology . The fire-drake hoarded the vast wealth of the dwarves inside their mountain halls, snaking and sleeping through the gold as his nest. Some characters in The Hobbit were altered and expanded from the page to the screen, but the character of Bard was given a brand new sense of significance in the films; after all, he doesnt do much more in the book than turn up to kill the dragon and sort out the ruined Lake-town. As a result they suffered in the Battle of Dagorlad and Oropher who was to the fore was slain. This friendship did much to improve relations between the two peoples.
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