Haiti and Cuba were the hardest hit by Sandy outside the US. Cuba's inability to import pesticides and chemical fertilizers has helped to preserve the health of its land. Cuba lies some 50 miles (80 km) west of Haitis northern peninsula, across the Windward Passage, a strait connecting the Atlantic to the Caribbean. SLE includes primary to tertiary education. How does Cuba compare to Haiti? )2.9% of GDP (2017 est. )permanent pasture: 22.9% (2018 est. ), electrification - total population: 100% (2020), installed generating capacity: 7.479 million kW (2020 est. The GDP per capita is calculated by dividing the total GDP by the number of people living in the country. Public spending on education includes direct expenditure on schools, universities, and other types of educational institutions, as well as educational-related public subsidies. Photo Credit: Garry Pierre-Perre. Omissions? The isolation had a devastating toll on the nascent nation. ), improved: urban: 94.8% of populationrural: 87% of populationtotal: 93% of populationunimproved: urban: 5.2% of populationrural: 13% of populationtotal: 7% of population (2017 est. ), total population: 79.87 yearsmale: 77.53 yearsfemale: 82.35 years (2023 est. Development or destitution. Caribbean immigrants represent 10 percent of the 44.5 million immigrants in the United States, with the vast majority coming from just five countries: Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Haiti, and Trinidad and Tobago. Human Development Index 0.521: 0.855: GDP per capita: $1,300 US: $10,200 US: Literacy Rate 52.9%: 99.8%: Corruption Perception Index 1.4: 4.3: Percentage of Women in Parliament . This led to the war being very limited with very little getting accomplished. Proudly powered by Newspack by Automattic. )$10.28 billion (2016 est. )1.74% (2019 est. More than a million people were made homeless. Some 18.9 million people, or 23% of Germany's population, have either immigrated to the country since 1950 or are the children of . The assassination of Haiti's president, growing civil unrest, and . )other alcohols: 0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. The share of the population with access to electricity, in both rural and urban environments. evusheld astrazeneca cost . In 2018, half of the population was undernourished and the country's Global Hunger Index score rose to 35 - up from 28 in 2009 - reaching the "alarming" threshold. The real GDP growth rate represents the year-over-year GDP growth, calculated by taking into account the price fluctuations caused by inflation. The average population growth rate reflects the annual increase or decrease in population. Source: Wikipedia, 2023. )note: folk religions include religions of African origin, spiritualism, and others intermingled with Catholicism or Protestantism; data is estimative because no authoritative source on religious affiliation exists for Cuba, 0-14 years: 16.39% (male 926,457/female 874,347)15-64 years: 66.81% (male 3,692,573/female 3,647,316)65 years and over: 16.8% (2023 est.) [8], Economic restraints amongst Haitians kept education informal and contained in their small communities, as such, very few of these Haitians had anything above a basic level of Creole literacy. )crude oil and lease condensate exports: 0 bbl/day (2018 est. While Cuba had Castro, we had the Duvaliers and as a staunch capitalist, I will take Castro over Duvalier. Depending on their origin country and period of arrival, immigrants from the Caribbean have varying skill levels, racial composition, language background, and motivations for . By continuing to browse our site, you agree to our use of cookies. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). )beer: 1.77 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. The stay is usually short with a period of 30 days. )proven reserves: 70.792 billion cubic meters (2021 est. )note: data are in 2016 US dollars, $93.79 billion (2017 est. So as Cuba finds itself coming out from under a 50-year embargo, it is worthy to take a look at how the two countries have taken divergent paths and the way forward for both. Bonaparte was also able to get a large number of France troops to the island and he claimed that slavery would remain abolished. ins.style.display='block';ins.style.minWidth=container.attributes.ezaw.value+'px';ins.style.width='100%';ins.style.height=container.attributes.ezah.value+'px';container.appendChild(ins);(adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({});window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'stat_source_id',44);window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'adsensetype',1);var lo=new MutationObserver(window.ezaslEvent);lo.observe(document.getElementById(slotId+'-asloaded'),{attributes:true}); There slaves that resisted used multiple methods, including, running away, sabotage, faking sicknesses, self-mutilation mocking of authorities, etc. A higher GDP per capita indicates a superior standard of living. )3.1% of GDP (2016 est. Haiti is bordered to the east by the Dominican Republic, which covers the rest of Hispaniola, to the south and west by the Caribbean, and to the north by the Atlantic Ocean. DIEGO PARY RODRGUEZ ( Bolivia ), associating himself with the Non-Aligned Movement and the Group of 77, said that, today, after its 2019 coup d'tat, his country is joining the sovereign nations of the world to reject this immoral and criminal blockade. ), 36 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. 1. Cuba struggled economically, especially on the eastern side of the island. Saint Domingue and Cuba wished to overthrow their colonial rulers, but had a difficult doing so because France and Spain were not eager to let their moneymaking colonies go. The country's property rights score is below the world average; its judicial effectiveness score is below the world average; and its government integrity . The two countries share warm relations, and Cuban doctors over the last 20 years have literally saved thousands of Haitian lives working in clinics in far-flung . Cuba tourist visa is required for Haitian citizens. Haiti was the first country to stoke the ire of the international community. By 1898, Cuba had gained its impendence from Spain, but another powerful country forced its way into Cuba, and partly undermined the potential for Cubas revolution to succeed.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'studyboss_com-leader-1','ezslot_13',111,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-studyboss_com-leader-1-0'); There were a few reasons why Cuba did not accomplish its revolutionary objectives, politically, economically, or socially. The DAC adopted ODA as the "gold standard" of foreign aid in 1969 and it remains the main source of financing for development aid . Big cities attract companies and business investment, and are usually important cultural centers and research hubs. The percentage of female residents, according to the city's official statistics. The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) reflects the value and productivity of an economy. ), 16.478 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Population density shows how cramped or spread out inhabitants are. Just upstream from the Artibonites delta in the Gulf of Gonve, some of its waters are used to irrigate the triangular Artibonite Plain. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. republic with two legislative houses (Senate [30]; Chamber of Deputies [99]), Central Intelligence Agency - The World Factbook - Haiti, Haiti - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Haiti - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Disgraced ex-Haitian soccer president announces he's back, Ex-UN official: Haitians must be part of solution to chaos, Canada to deploy navy vessels to Haiti as violence worsens, US arrests 4 tied to assassination of Haitian president, Correction: Haiti-US-Stalled Adoptions story. The embargo remains in place, and the relationship between the US and Cuba remains tense.. The native Amerindian population of Cuba began to decline after the arrival of Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492 and following its development as a Spanish colony during the next several centuries. )government consumption: 31.6% (2017 est. This was the idea that the authority to govern comes from the people. - Haiti's proximity to a tectonic plate boundary helps explain the January 2010 earthquake. Editor's note: Second of a three-part series. )$12,100 (2014 est. England, despite its loss to the U.S. and its friction with France, abandoned Haiti and left the country twisting in the wind for nearly a century. )from consumed natural gas: 1.814 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. Bilateral Economic Relations. The plateau has an average elevation of about 1,000 feet (300 metres), and access to it is difficult through winding roads. ), total petroleum production: 38,400 bbl/day (2021 est. In 1971, the inhabitants of Saint Domingue were discontent with how France was running the colony and issues started to boil over the edge. The ranges western extension on the southern peninsula is called the Massif de la Hotte (Massif du Sud), which rises to 7,700 feet (2,345 metres) at Macaya Peak. Cuba's health care system is based on preventive medicine and the results achieved are outstanding. "We sincerely hope that all of the world's inhabitants . Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez, hand-picked by Raul CASTRO to succeed him, was approved as president by the National Assembly and took office on 19 April 2018. how was the development of cuba and of haiti different. )refined petroleum consumption: 164,100 bbl/day (2019 est. slaves taken to Saint-Domingue (today's Haiti), approximately 173,000 were captured from the Bight of Benin (the area cover-ing the coasts of Benin, Togo and Western Nigeria), and of these 173,000 about 43,000-57,000 were Yoruba.4 In Cuba, enslaved people of Yoruba origin constituted about 12 percent of total slave Tortue Island has an area of about 70 square miles (180 square km). "Haitian Heritage In Cuba As Heard Through Song", Espectros y espejismos: Hait en el imaginario cubano, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haitian_Cuban&oldid=1129142415, This page was last edited on 23 December 2022, at 19:48. Due to the United States occupation of Haiti, many Haitians left to find work as laborers in neighboring countries like Cuba. The total length of the countrys railway network. The presence and number of airports shows how good is connection of city with different international destinations and its international accessibility. )$12.3 billion (31 December 2016 est. ), degree of risk: intermediate (2020)food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea and hepatitis Avectorborne diseases: dengue fever, total: 4.7 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. Has public health care? ), municipal: 1.7 billion cubic meters (2017 est. Spanish rule eventually provoked an independence movement and occasional rebellions were harshly suppressed. Duvalier broke off relations first after the United States urged member-states of the Organisation of American States to cut ties with Cuba after the Cuban Revolution. White elites still stayed in power and blacks still faced heavy discrimination. . The first half of Freedom's Mirror takes the reader up to Haitian independence and victory over Napoleon's forces in 1804. Haiti did not fare well in the global economy after it gained its independence, but they were able to dismantle the previous political and social systems that had been in place while they were a colony.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'studyboss_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_11',112,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-studyboss_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0'); This was partly due to the fact that there were few to no whites left on in Haiti once they were independent from France. The capital is Port-au-Prince. )note: private citizens are prohibited from buying computers or accessing the Internet without special authorization; foreigners may access the Internet in large hotels but are subject to firewalls; some Cubans buy illegal passwords on the black market or take advantage of public outlets to access limited email and the government-controlled "intranet"; issues relating to COVID-19 impact research into internet adoption, so actual internet user figures may be different than published numbers suggest, total: 231,654 (2020 est. 12.8% of GDP vs 2.4% of GDP; 7.58x more forests . The HDI is the geometric mean of normalized indices for each of the three dimensions. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Spanish (official)major-language sample(s): La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de informacin bsica. ), improved: urban: 98.9% of populationrural: 97% of populationtotal: 98.5% of populationunimproved: urban: 1.1% of populationrural: 3% of populationtotal: 1.5% of population (2020 est. Large numbers of African slaves were imported to work the coffee and sugar plantations, and Havana became the launching point for the annual treasure fleets bound for Spain from Mexico and Peru. The Citadel (Citadelle Laferrire), a fortress built by Haitian ruler Henry Christophe in the early 19th century, stands atop one of the peaks overlooking the city of Cap-Hatien and the narrow coastal plain. Government owned - the priorities were chosen by the government's political leadership. This article offers a sociodemographic profile of Caribbean immigrants, who represent 10 percent of the U.S. foreign-born population and nearly half of all Black immigrants in the United States. The total length of the navigable inland bodies of water. However, this would not by the end of Spains troubles with Cuba.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'studyboss_com-banner-1','ezslot_8',108,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-studyboss_com-banner-1-0'); Two parties formed in Cuba after the Ten Years War; the conservatives and the reformists, while many Cubans who still wanted revolution fled to New York. Although they planned to return to Haiti, most stayed on in Cuba. )permanent crops: 3.6% (2018 est. )percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 9.5% (2015 est. )22.7 (2013 est. ), total: 4.07 deaths/1,000 live birthsmale: 4.58 deaths/1,000 live birthsfemale: 3.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2023 est. )services: 73.4% (2017 est. )methane emissions: 9.3 megatons (2020 est. The Haitian Revolution was the only successful revolt by enslaved Black people in history, and it led to the creation of the second independent nation in the Western Hemisphere, after the United States. Cuba-Haiti relations refer to the bilateral relations between Cuba and Haiti. Source: Wikipedia, 2023. Help us by suggesting a value. Poverty, corruption, vulnerability to natural . They removed $500,000 from the Haitian National Bank in December of 1914 for safe-keeping in New York, thus giving the United States control of the bank. The rebels create their own provisional government and designed a strategy to attack the western part of the island, instead of fighting a limited war like the Ten Years War. Castro, for all of his faults, left a well-educated and proud populace. The Artibonite then skirts the Noires Mountains as it flows to the Gulf of Gonve. The earthquake was assessed as the worst in this region over the last 200 years. Cuba vs Haiti. )carbon dioxide emissions: 28.28 megatons (2016 est. The Cayes Plain lies on the coast to the southeast of the peak. ), household consumption: 57% (2017 est. Source: Wikipedia, 2023. Source: Wikipedia, 2023. Foreign intervention and debt, political instability, and natural disasters have stymied the Caribbean country's development. ), fossil fuels: 95.5% of total installed capacity (2020 est. )imports: 0 kWh (2020 est. The Second War of Independence in Cuba was fought from 1895 to 1898.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'studyboss_com-large-leaderboard-2','ezslot_12',109,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-studyboss_com-large-leaderboard-2-0'); This time their revolutionary objectives include diversifying their agricultural economy so they no longer have to reply of the sugar plantation which is viewed as the source of racism. The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable and having a decent standard of living. Jean-Bertrand Aristide and Fidel Castro agreed to reestablish relations in 1997 and later that year, a Cuban Embassy opened up in Port-au-Prince. England, for its part helped Haiti during its fight to rid itself of French rule and slavery. Haiti will create a financial mechanism to ensure free maternal, newborn and child health services, and develop a plan for human resources in health by 2015. The conflict with the Spanish helped escalate problems, but eventually a black slave named Toussaint switched sides and helped France drive the Spanish out. These are mainly stone tools similar to the ones from the Yucatan peninsula, suggesting these . HAVANA, Cuba Haitians and Cubans have been allies for quite some time, and that bond remains to this day. The war was framed as the SpanishAmerican War, leaving out the importance of Cuba and their soldiers fighting against the Spanish. The generally rugged topography of central and western Hispaniola is reflected in Haitis name, which derives from the indigenous Arawak place-name Ayti (Mountainous Land); about two-thirds of the total land area is above 1,600 feet (490 metres) in elevation. See answer. Only 3% of rural Cubans had running water; only 4% had meat to eat; health and education services were virtually non-existent. The death rate, also called crude death rate, represents the number of annual deaths per 1,000 people at midyear. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. The standard value-added tax (VAT) rate. ), urban population: 77.5% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 0.19% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. Both islands were under colonial rule; Saint Domingue overseen by France and Cuba by Spain. )agricultural: 4.519 billion cubic meters (2017 est. They are two small countries with outsized influence, even if Haiti is considered by many to be a car crash pile up that evokes poverty voyeurism. Source: Wikipedia, 2023; UNData, 2023. )expenditures: $64.64 billion (2017 est. Like Haiti, Cuba was a weak state, vulnerable to the aggressions of an imperialist superpower, and it was dependent on Soviet economic and military support. Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, 150 km south of Key West, Florida, total: 110,860 sq kmland: 109,820 sq kmwater: 1,040 sq km, total: 28.5 kmborder countries (1): US Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay 28.5 kmnote: Guantanamo Naval Base is leased by the US and remains part of Cuba, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nm, tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October), mostly flat to rolling plains, with rugged hills and mountains in the southeast, highest point: Pico Turquino 1,974 mlowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 mmean elevation: 108 m, cobalt, nickel, iron ore, chromium, copper, salt, timber, silica, petroleum, arable land, agricultural land: 60.3% (2018 est. (Haiti). Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. His idea helps re-conceptualize the black insurgent and Spain will be unable to use the argument that the next war is a race war. In 1937, over 25,000 Haitians were forcibly removed from Cuba and sent back to Haiti. Politically if the rest of the world got vaccine far earlier than Cuba, it would be a huge blow to the government . Cuba's unique approach to the eradication of extreme poverty sets it apart from other Latin American and Caribbean countries, but the challenge now is how it evolves During that time, Haiti plunged into chaos and misrule. Publicado em . Your email address will not be published. School life expectancy (SLE) represents the number of years of schooling that children are expected to complete. The percentage of land dedicated to agricultural use, including arable land, permanent crops, and permanent pasture. Rivers are numerous but short, and most are not navigable. Cuba, country of the West Indies, the largest single island of the archipelago, and one of the more-influential states of the Caribbean region. ), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 99.8%male: 99.9%female: 99.8% (2015), total: 14 yearsmale: 13 yearsfemale: 15 years (2021), total: 7.4%male: 7.6%female: 7% (2021 est. White slave owners were unhappy with Spain doing this and at the same time the sugar market begins to be flooded with sugar, causing the price to go down. The revolutions that took place in the United States, France, Haiti, and Latin America were all influenced by one another. There has been documented change in infant mortality and life expectancy in Haiti due to Cuba's medical aid. The youth unemployment rate is calculated as a percent of the total youth labor force. The first victory was the military defeat of Spain: In the Spanish-American War of 1898, US troops intervened in the Spanish Caribbean colonies of Cuba and Puerto Rico as well as in some Pacific islands where President William McKinley (1843-1901) established US military governments. On the UN's Human Development Index, Haiti ranked 163 out of 191 countries in 2020. "As the thirteen colonies lost access to other British possessions, the Spanish colony of Cuba . )crude oil and lease condensate imports: 48,500 bbl/day (2018 est. Haiti remains the poorest country in the LAC region and among the poorest countries in the world. )note: data are official rates; unofficial estimates are about double, revenues: $54.52 billion (2017 est. The countrys total water area, summing up all inland waters: lakes, rivers, reservoirs, wetlands, etc. Please select which sections you would like to print: Alternate titles: Ayti, Rpublique dHati, Repiblik Dayti, Republic of Haiti, Director of Research, National Centre for Scientific Research, Paris. Haiti, whose population is almost entirely descended from African slaves, won independence from France in 1804, making it the second country in the Americas, after the United States, to free itself from colonial rule. US intervention during the Spanish-American War in 1898 assisted the Cubans in overthrowing Spanish rule. 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"[6], The vast majority of Haitians spoke Haitian Creole, which created a language barrier forcing Haitians to remain in agricultural labor. Haiti is a free market economy with low labor costs and tariff-free access to the US for many of its exports. ), total: 17.9% (2020 est. In January 2010 another catastrophic earthquake and its aftershocks resulted in severe damage to Port-au-Prince. On the other hand, Cuba while gaining its independence, it failed to change socially, economically, or politically. Obesity is a public health problem and increases the risk of chronic diseases. Buildings collapsed throughout the capital and surrounding region, including many homes as well as large public structures such as the National Palace, the citys cathedral, and hospitals. )hydroelectricity: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2020 est. Cuba traditionally and consistently portrays the US embargo, in place since 1961, as the source of its difficulties. From logistical perspective, both attempts at revolution had several similarities. However, the influence on Cuba of the Stalinized Marxism imported from the USSR, with its realpolitik political premises, crystallized the shifting Cuban foreign policy into a method that converted necessity into virtue. )consumption: 16,097,460,000 kWh (2019 est. Create Custom Personalized World Maps at Themapic.com, 20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US from 1898 to 1902); not acknowledged by the Cuban Government as a day of independence, Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 16% (Baptist 10%, Pentecostal 4%, Adventist 1%, other 1%), none 1%, other 3%, nominally 85% Roman Catholic prior to CASTRO assuming power; Protestants, Jehovah's Witnesses, Jews, and Santeria are also represented, Caribbean, western one-third of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the Dominican Republic, Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, 150 km south of Key West, Florida, tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds, tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October). Over 3,000 doctors have been sent to Haiti since 1998 and have educated 550 Haitians at Latin American Medical School in Havana with 567 Haitians currently studying at ELAM as of 2010. agriculture: 4% (2017 est. The independence was revolutionary because those who came to be in power were former slaves and free people of mixed race. )exports: 0 kWh (2020 est. In a scant few years, Cuba was transformed from a sleepy, unimportant island into the major . Haiti will also provide emergency obstetric care in 108 health institutions constructing, rehabilitating or equipping facilities as necessary. The two countries share warm relations, and Cuban doctors over the last 20 years have literally saved thousands of Haitian lives working in clinics in far-flung places in the mountainous country. Cuba's vaccine development effort wasn't just risky from health perspective. Cuba lies some 50 miles (80 km) west of Haiti's northern peninsula, across the Windward Passage, a strait connecting the Atlantic to the Caribbean. Posted on . ), total: 42.1 yearsmale: 40.2 yearsfemale: 43.8 years (2020 est. Haiti was able to turn the previous system upside by having former slaves and people of mixed race hold and exercise power over their nation, once France withdrew from the island and recognized their independence. A country comparison like this can be based on several hundred individual data items from dozens of different sources. ), $985.4 million (2017 est. A country roughly the size of Maryland, it was a prosperous French colony whose slaves had the temerity to fight and defeat the mighty French army led by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1804 after a TK war of independence. Another setback on Spains part was the reconcentrado policy Valeriano Weyler which brought about 400,000 rural Cubans into cities to try and keep control. It has an average elevation of some 4,000 feet (1,200 metres). As Cubans attempt to recreate and develop their nation, I would say theyve emerged rather well under the embargo. Editors note: Second of a three-part series. Help us by suggesting a value. By Garry Pierre-Pierre. Your email address will not be published. Journal of Social History (1998): 599-614., 599, Last edited on 23 December 2022, at 19:48, "Creole Language and Culture: Part of Cuba's Cultural Patrimony", by Susan Hurlich, 21 May 1998. )imports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. But there are similarities and Cuba and Haiti are a perfect example of this. )arable land: 33.8% (2018 est. For years, many Haitians and their descendants in Cuba did not identify themselves as such or speak Creole. In the end France made concessions to the whites and free people of mixed race to keep the island calm and make sure their slave economy could stay in place. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. )exports: 0 cubic meters (2021 est. The database contains 1,400 time series indicators for 217 economies and more than 40 country groups, with data for many indicators going back more than 50 years. Cuba awakened dramatically in the nineteenth century. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 59 (2020 est. These chapters trace the evolution of Cuba's "sugar revolution," Cuban attempts to deter the import of negros franceses - Saint-Domingue slaves who might foment rebellion and a short-lived alliance between the Spanish army based in the city of Santo Domingo . In 1914, the Wilson administration sent U.S. Marines into Haiti. Haiti Revolts While Cuba Complies: How Revolutionary Movements Differ in Haiti and Cuba Often the term "revolution" makes one think of the Revolutionary War in the American colonies. DIAZ-CANEL was appointed First Secretary of the Communist Party on 19 April 2021 following the retirement of Raul CASTRO, and continues to serve as both president and first secretary. )consumption: 976.023 million cubic meters (2019 est. Jamaica is some 120 miles (190 km) west of the southern peninsula, across the Jamaica Channel, and Great Inagua Island (of The Bahamas) lies roughly 70 miles (110 km) to the north.